Northeast India: A New Frontier for Mineral Exploration and Development

The Geological Survey of India has identified over 36,000 sq km in Northeast India as rich in mineral resources, with Assam leading the charge in mineral development. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced the auction of limestone blocks and significant investment commitments during the recent Geology and Mining Ministers’ Conclave. With a focus on sustainable practices and the integration of AI in exploration, the region is poised to become a key player in India's mining landscape. This article delves into the initiatives and policies shaping the future of mineral exploration in Northeast India.
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Northeast India: A New Frontier for Mineral Exploration and Development

Significant Mineral Potential Identified


Guwahati, June 28: The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has pinpointed an area exceeding 36,000 square kilometers in the Northeast as rich in mineral resources, indicating the potential for nearly 3,000 new mining sites.


This announcement was made by VL Kantha Rao, the secretary of the Union Ministry of Mines, during the second North East Geology and Mining Ministers’ Conclave held here on Friday, marking a pivotal step towards harnessing the mineral and coal resources of the region.


Assam's Initiatives in Mineral Development

In his keynote address, Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma revealed that Assam has commenced the auction process for seven limestone blocks located in the Umrangso area of Dima Hasao district, with five blocks already auctioned and letters of intent issued. The remaining two blocks are anticipated to be auctioned by August 2025.


He expressed optimism that, with the backing of the Government of India and the Indian Bureau of Mines, at least one of these limestone blocks could be operational by December 2025.


Investment Commitments and Policy Developments

During the Advantage Assam 2.0 Summit, the Mines and Minerals Department secured 14 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) that promise investments exceeding Rs 46,000 crore from both national and international investors.


Sarma assured attendees of Assam's favorable business environment and announced the State Cabinet's approval for the establishment of the Assam State Mineral Trust, aimed at promoting sustainable mining practices and exploration of minor minerals. He also mentioned that the Assam Mineral Policy is nearing completion and is expected to be implemented within a month.


The Northeast's Role in India's Mining Strategy

Union Minister of Coal and Mines G Kishan Reddy emphasized the Northeast's vital contribution to India's mining and energy strategy. He noted that under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership, the mineral-rich states of the Northeast are receiving dedicated attention to convert untapped resources into catalysts for economic growth, job creation, and local empowerment.


VL Kantha Rao remarked that Assam has now established itself on the national auction map, heralding a new chapter in mineral development. He advocated for enhanced exploration and research, including the use of Artificial Intelligence in mineral discovery.


AI and Exploration Initiatives

The Northeast is notable for hosting one of India's pioneering AI-supported exploration projects, which has been approved under the National Mineral Exploration Trust.


The secretary urged all state governments to actively promote exploration efforts, taking into account the region's challenging terrain, while ensuring sustainability and adequate safety for geologists working in remote locations.


Coal Deposits and Economic Impact

Vikram Dev Dutt, secretary in the Ministry of Coal, highlighted the Northeast's strategic significance for India's energy security, citing its abundant tertiary coal deposits across Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Sikkim. These deposits are known for their high calorific value, low ash content, and relatively higher sulfur levels.


He mentioned that 10 percent of the funds allocated under Central sector-funded exploration schemes have been specifically designated for the Northeast, emphasizing the necessity for focused exploration initiatives.


Additionally, he reported that five coal blocks in the region have been successfully auctioned, with a total capacity of 1.2 million tonnes per annum, which is expected to create approximately 1,650 jobs and generate nearly Rs 800 crore in annual revenue for the states.


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