The Evolution of BJP's Ideology: From Joint Families to Modern Challenges
Historical Context of BJP's Ideological Shifts
The foundation of Hindu society has long been rooted in the concepts of joint families and unbreakable marriages. The 1957 manifesto of the Jana Sangh, which later evolved into the BJP, warned that any changes to these traditions could lead to societal breakdown. Their stance against divorce and promotion of joint family structures was often accompanied by a disregard for women's rights. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, in the early 1950s, sought to reform Hindu personal law, particularly regarding women's inheritance rights. However, the Jana Sangh opposed his proposals in the Hindu Code Bill, arguing that social reforms should emerge organically from society rather than being imposed from above. They expressed concerns that such changes could lead to 'riotous individualism.' While they initially resisted divorce, their primary concern was preventing divorced women and widowed daughters-in-law from inheriting property. Over time, the party's position on these issues has shifted, although the reasons for these changes remain unclear.
Shifts in Policy and Ideology
As divorce became more common in Indian society and urban, upper-caste, middle-class families began to favor nuclear structures, the Jana Sangh's commitment to joint families weakened. This mirrors the party's earlier abandonment of socialist economic policies, which is not inherently problematic; political parties can evolve. However, when a party alters its foundational positions, it should provide clarity on these changes, a practice the RSS-affiliated political force has largely neglected.
The party's approach to caste issues is also inconsistent. While it pledged to eliminate untouchability and casteism, it did not propose concrete measures to achieve this goal. The Jana Sangh did not advocate for expanding reservation policies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into the private sector, instead offering limited support through training initiatives. Culturally, the party has maintained a strong opposition to alcohol and has pushed for nationwide prohibition, alongside promoting local languages over English, a point recently reiterated by Home Minister Amit Shah.
Agricultural Policies and Foreign Affairs
The Jana Sangh's first manifesto emphasized the need for a nationwide campaign to motivate farmers to increase productivity. Today, it would be politically risky for a BJP minister to suggest that farmers are not diligent enough, especially given the backlash over recent farm laws. The party's disconnect with the agricultural community is evident.
In terms of foreign policy, the Jana Sangh lacked a coherent strategic vision. It advocated for friendly relations with allies while taking a tough stance against adversaries. The party sought India's inclusion in the United Nations Security Council but failed to articulate the rationale or strategy for achieving this goal. Over the years, the party's manifestos have shown a lack of continuity in foreign policy, with shifting narratives that often ignore past conflicts and challenges.
The Importance of Accountability
Raising these issues in 2025 is crucial, as the BJP stands as the dominant political force in India. The party's stated principles and its actions carry significant weight. Its constitution emphasizes a commitment to socialism and secularism, principles that it now contemplates removing. Therefore, it is essential for the party to address its evolving positions and the implications of these shifts for its supporters and the broader public.
Conclusion
By Aakar Patel