Population Surge: Indian Bison Numbers Soar in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Significant Growth in Indian Bison Population

Sambalpur: The Indian bison (Gaur) population in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary has risen to 788, up from 659 in just six months, according to a forest official. The Hirakud Wildlife Division carried out the census from May 11 to May 13 this year, with the findings released on Friday. The report indicates that the sanctuary now hosts 788 Indian bison, which includes 315 juveniles (under 2 years) and 128 newborns (less than 3 months old). Notably, juveniles make up 40 percent of the total population. This census marks the first winter count of Indian bison conducted in Debrigarh, which took place on November 12 and 13, 2024, when the population was recorded at 659, as stated by Pragyan Das, Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) of the Hirakud Wildlife Division. The bison population has increased by 129 within this six-month period.

Previously, 52 herds were documented, but this census identified 60 herds. The rise in numbers has led to the division of herds, with female adults taking the lead and guiding younger bison, Das explained. The Indian bison is classified as 'vulnerable' and is listed as a Schedule-1 species under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

The DFO noted that summer is the breeding season for Indian bison in central India and other regions. To better understand the peak breeding and calving seasons, as well as the population dynamics, monthly surveys will be conducted to count newborns during the monsoon and winter months this year. “This initiative will enhance the conservation efforts for this Schedule-1 species, as Debrigarh shows a robust density of Indian bison compared to other habitats in India,” Das remarked. She added that Debrigarh is often referred to as “the land of Indian bison” due to the frequent sightings of large herds in both the tourism and eco-sensitive zones bordering the Hirakud wetland. In the safari zone, there are currently 145 Indian bison spread across six herds, an increase from last year's five herds comprising 118 individuals. While bison are known for their ability to migrate over long distances, in Debrigarh, they typically exhibit seasonal movements of 5-15 km per day while maintaining a stable territory, according to the forest officer. It is worth noting that the Indian bison (Bos gaurus) is recognized as the tallest wild cattle species in India and the largest living bovine.