New Insights on Alzheimer's Disease in Women with Down Syndrome

Research Highlights Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Progression

New Delhi, Aug 13: A recent study reveals that women with Down syndrome exhibit more advanced symptoms of Alzheimer's disease compared to their male counterparts, as reported by researchers from the University of California, Irvine.

Interestingly, the average age at which Down syndrome is diagnosed remains consistent across genders. The research indicates that women may experience a greater accumulation of beta amyloid and phosphorylated tau—two key proteins associated with Alzheimer's—than men. This accumulation is notably pronounced in the occipital lobe among women diagnosed with sporadic Alzheimer's, the most prevalent form that arises without a clear genetic link.

These findings underscore the necessity for gender-specific strategies in Alzheimer's research and treatment, particularly in the design of clinical trials.

"By understanding the unique vulnerabilities of the brain in women versus men, we can enhance treatment outcomes. Recognizing modifiable risk factors, including those specific to sex, is crucial," stated Elizabeth Andrews, the lead author and doctoral candidate.

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of mortality among individuals with Down syndrome, who are genetically inclined to develop the condition at a younger age.

While earlier studies suggested that women with Down syndrome may have a longer lifespan with dementia than men, few have investigated the differences in underlying brain pathology based on sex.

In this study, researchers analyzed postmortem brain samples to assess levels of beta amyloid and tau.

The results, published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia, could influence our understanding and treatment approaches for Alzheimer's in this demographic and beyond.

"If women with Down syndrome are diagnosed at a more advanced stage of the disease, it may alter the timing of interventions and how we evaluate outcomes in clinical trials," remarked Elizabeth Head, a Professor of Pathology at UC Irvine.

"This research could lead to more effective therapy customization, not only for individuals with Down syndrome but also for the wider Alzheimer's community," Head concluded.