Understanding Diabetes: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

The Rising Threat of Diabetes

Diabetes is becoming an increasingly serious issue globally, yet many individuals remain unaware of their risk until it is too late. Early detection, combined with lifestyle modifications, can significantly delay or even prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. In India alone, over 100 million individuals are affected by diabetes, reflecting a prevalence rate of 11.4%. Symptoms can often be subtle and may go unnoticed for extended periods.

Assessing Your Risk

Taking the Test

While only a healthcare professional can provide an official diagnosis, there are several tests that can help you determine if you should seek medical advice regarding diabetes risk. It's essential to consider your lifestyle—whether you are sedentary or engage in over 150 minutes of exercise weekly. Additionally, be aware of any symptoms you may have experienced recently. Common signs include:

• Darkened skin in areas such as the armpits or neck folds.
• Small growths on the skin in similar areas.
• Increased hunger.
• Unexplained weight changes.
• Fatigue or weakness.
• Excessive sweating.
• Blurred vision.
• Slow healing of cuts and bruises.
• Frequent skin infections.
• Bleeding gums.

It's also crucial to consider whether you have high blood pressure or if there is a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Who Should Get Tested?

Identifying Candidates for Testing

Experts recommend that anyone interested in understanding their risk level for type 2 diabetes should take the test. This can help individuals make informed lifestyle changes. If you are aware of specific risk factors, the test can also assist in identifying additional risks.

Understanding Risk Factors

Risk Factors for Diabetes

The test evaluates various risk factors associated with diabetes, including:

Age

Being over the age of 45 increases your risk.

Activity Level

A sedentary lifestyle can elevate your risk.

Medical Conditions

Conditions such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gestational diabetes, prediabetes, and high blood pressure can heighten your risk for type 2 diabetes. Being overweight is also a contributing factor.

Genetics

If you have a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes, your risk may be increased. Healthcare providers categorize risk levels as low, medium, or high.

Diagnosing Diabetes

How is Diabetes Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is confirmed through blood tests. The A1C test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months, while a fasting blood sugar test assesses your blood sugar after a night of fasting.

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

Strategies for Prevention

While it may not always be possible to prevent type 2 diabetes, adopting healthier lifestyle choices can be beneficial. According to the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, weight loss is a key strategy for preventing or delaying diabetes, as advised by your doctor. Engaging in at least 30 minutes of exercise daily, five days a week, along with a balanced diet low in sugar and processed foods, can promote weight loss and enhance overall health.