Iran and Saudi Arabia: A Shift Towards Diplomacy Amid Ongoing Tensions

The relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia is undergoing a significant transformation as both nations explore diplomatic avenues despite longstanding tensions. Recent discussions between military leaders highlight efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and address regional security concerns. This article delves into the historical context of their rivalry, the implications of their recent communications, and the ongoing proxy conflicts that shape their interactions. As both countries navigate this complex landscape, the potential for a shift from enmity to cooperation raises questions about the future of Middle Eastern geopolitics.

By Narendra Chaudhary Jun 29, 2025, 12:04 IST

Current State of Iran-Israel Relations

Although a ceasefire has been established between Iran and Israel, tensions between the two nations remain high. There is a possibility that the situation could escalate again, prompting Iran to prepare for such scenarios. The country is actively seeking to strengthen ties with nations in the Middle East that it has historically viewed as adversaries, with Saudi Arabia being a primary focus.

Military Discussions Between Iran and Saudi Arabia

Recently, Major General Abdulrahim Mousavi, the Chief of Staff of Iran's armed forces, engaged in discussions with Saudi Arabia's Defense Minister, Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz. Their conversation revolved around reviewing bilateral defense relations and addressing regional developments, as well as efforts to maintain security and stability.

Mousavi's First Conversation in Office

This phone call marked Major General Mousavi's inaugural discussion with the Saudi defense minister since assuming his role. Following the martyrdom of Lieutenant General Mohammad Hossein Bagheri due to an attack by the Zionist regime, Ayatollah Khamenei appointed Mousavi as the Chief of Staff of the armed forces on June 13.

Longstanding Rivalry Between Iran and Saudi Arabia

The animosity between Iran and Saudi Arabia is deeply rooted, encompassing both political and religious dimensions. Iran positions itself as the leader of Shia Muslims, while Saudi Arabia advocates for Sunni Islam. This religious divide has been a significant source of conflict, particularly intensified since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, which Saudi Arabia perceived as a threat to its power and Islamic leadership.

Proxy Wars in the Region

Both nations have engaged in ongoing proxy wars against each other, supporting opposing factions in countries like Syria, Yemen, Iraq, and Lebanon. For instance, Iran backs the Houthi rebels in Yemen, while Saudi Arabia supports the Yemeni government. In Syria, Iran has aligned with Bashar al-Assad, whereas Saudi Arabia has sided with the rebels. Although diplomatic relations were attempted to be restored through Chinese mediation in 2023, underlying tensions persist.