India's Parliament Approves Landmark Nuclear Energy Bill Opening Doors for Private Sector
India's Parliament has taken a significant step by passing a new law that permits private companies to enter the civilian nuclear energy sector. This decision is seen as a move towards expanding clean energy, although it has raised concerns among opposition parties regarding safety and accountability. The bill, which has already received approval from both houses of Parliament, awaits presidential assent. Experts believe this could position India as a key player in the global nuclear market, especially as countries reassess their energy strategies to meet climate goals. However, critics warn of potential health and environmental risks associated with this shift. The political and social implications of this legislation are expected to spark ongoing discussions.
Dec 19, 2025, 23:13 IST
Significant Shift in India's Energy Policy
On Thursday, a pivotal decision was made during the parliamentary proceedings, signaling major changes in the nation's energy policy. The Indian Parliament has passed a new law that allows private companies to enter the strictly regulated civilian nuclear energy sector. The government views this as a significant step towards expanding clean energy, while the opposition accuses it of undermining safety and accountability provisions.
Legislative Approval and Next Steps
This bill received approval from the Lok Sabha on Wednesday and from the Rajya Sabha on Thursday. It now awaits the formal assent of the President to become law, a step typically seen as a formality. The government asserts that this move will position India as a strong player in the global nuclear energy market, especially as many countries reconsider nuclear energy to meet climate goals.
Departure from Decades-Old Model
Notably, this change marks a departure from a decades-long model where nuclear energy was entirely under government control. Proponents argue that private sector involvement will enhance investment, technology, and efficiency. Conversely, critics warn that this could lead to serious long-term health and environmental risks.
Expert Insights on the New Legislation
Energy and environmental policy expert Karthik Ganeshan noted that this decision sends a clear message to private companies that India is ready for business in the nuclear energy sector. Meanwhile, Union Minister of State for Nuclear Energy Jitendra Singh stated in Parliament that this bill was introduced considering India's growing energy needs and current technological and economic conditions. He also claimed that there has been no compromise on safety, security, or regulatory frameworks.
Investment and Future Goals
Recent reports indicate that India has committed over two billion dollars for research and collaborative activities related to nuclear energy in recent months. As one of the largest greenhouse gas emitters globally, over 75% of India's electricity still comes from fossil fuels like coal. The government's goal is to establish 100 gigawatts of nuclear energy capacity by 2047, which could power millions of homes.
Opposition Concerns and Future Discussions
However, opposition parties have raised concerns about several provisions in the bill. Aam Aadmi Party MP Ashok Mittal pointed out that the law lacks adequate safety measures regarding the health impacts on people living near nuclear plants. Similarly, long-time anti-nuclear activist G. Sundararajan labeled it a dangerous law, arguing that it reduces corporate accountability and limits compensation avenues for ordinary citizens.
Political and Social Implications
The government has rejected the opposition's demand to send the bill to a parliamentary committee. Consequently, this law has become a focal point in discussions about India's energy policy, private investment, and safety, with expectations of heightened political and social discourse in the future.