Impact of Air Pollution on Mental Health in Delhi

As air quality in Delhi continues to decline, medical experts warn of the significant mental health risks associated with pollution. With the Air Quality Index reaching alarming levels, the impact on vulnerable populations, including children and those with pre-existing conditions, is profound. Experts highlight the connection between poor air quality and increased anxiety, panic symptoms, and mood disorders. A recent advisory from leading doctors emphasizes the urgent need for action to address this public health crisis. Discover the recommendations for mitigating these effects and safeguarding mental well-being amidst rising pollution levels.

By Narendra Chaudhary Dec 5, 2025, 16:34 IST

Air Quality Crisis in Delhi

New Delhi, Dec 5: As the air quality in the national capital continues to deteriorate, medical professionals have highlighted that air pollution poses risks not only to respiratory and cardiovascular health but also significantly affects mental well-being.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the average Air Quality Index (AQI) in Delhi was recorded at 323 at 8 am on Friday, categorizing it as 'very poor' and enveloping the city in a thick haze.

Dr. Nand Kumar, a Psychiatry Professor at AIIMS, stated, "Increased pollution leads to a decline in air quality, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the body, which adversely affects brain function."

He emphasized that the brain's need for oxygen is critical for its proper functioning, and a deficit can lead to emotional detachment, thereby impacting mental health.

Air pollution has evolved from being merely an environmental issue to a persistent threat to human health, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with chronic health issues.

This situation is particularly alarming for individuals with existing psychiatric disorders, as the dense smog typical of early winter can severely affect mental health.

Dr. Astik Joshi, a psychiatrist specializing in children and adolescents, noted that those with mood disorders or sensitivity to seasonal changes are especially at risk. Poor air quality can lead to respiratory issues and feelings of breathlessness, which may exacerbate anxiety and panic symptoms.

He also pointed out that prolonged exposure to smog could be associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), characterized by low energy, irritability, and depressive symptoms during winter months.

In a significant move, over 80 Padma award-winning doctors issued a national advisory, declaring that India's air pollution crisis has escalated into a severe threat to human life, with health impacts reaching alarming levels.

According to data from 2025, nearly 1.7 million deaths in India are attributed to air pollution annually. More than one-third of respiratory-related deaths are linked to poor air quality, and pollution exposure accounts for about 40% of stroke-related fatalities.

The doctors noted that PM2.5 levels in North India often exceed the WHO's safe limits by 20-40 times, with approximately 70% of the population breathing unsafe air. Toxic air is also responsible for nearly 400,000 child fatalities each year.

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is linked to genetic damage, increasing the risk of cancer, metabolic disorders, and worsening diabetes outcomes.

To mitigate these effects, experts recommend monitoring AQI levels, wearing masks outdoors, using air purifiers at home, ensuring proper ventilation, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak pollution times.

Dr. Joshi advised that engaging in regular indoor exercise, maintaining a nutritious diet, and seeking timely psychiatric help can alleviate the mental health challenges associated with rising pollution levels.