Cuba Faces Deepening Energy Crisis Amid U.S. Sanctions

Cuba is currently experiencing a significant energy crisis exacerbated by recent U.S. sanctions. Following an executive order from former President Trump, the island nation faces severe fuel shortages, leading to power outages and disruptions in essential services. The situation has drawn international criticism, with experts warning of a potential humanitarian crisis. As Cuba's oil reserves dwindle, the government claims the sanctions amount to a 'fuel blockade,' while the U.S. insists it is a matter of national security. This article delves into the implications of these sanctions and the ongoing challenges faced by the Cuban people.

By Narendra Chaudhary Feb 26, 2026, 16:43 IST

Cuba's Ongoing Energy Crisis

Cuba has been grappling with a severe energy crisis for several years, characterized by frequent power outages, fuel shortages, and disruptions to essential services. This situation worsened last month when former U.S. President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14380 on January 29, 2026, titled 'Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba.' This order declared Cuba an 'unusual and extraordinary threat' to the U.S., leading to a national emergency declaration.

Under this directive, the U.S. may impose additional ad valorem tariffs on goods imported from countries that supply Cuba with crude oil or petroleum products, either directly or indirectly. This measure is part of a strategy to exert 'maximum pressure' on the Cuban government, aiming to restore democracy and instigate regime change.

Main Points:

Affected Countries: Primarily Mexico, which has been Cuba's main oil supplier since 2025, along with Russia and Algeria. Oil supplies from Venezuela have already ceased due to U.S. actions.

Impact on Cuba: Reports indicate that Cuba's oil reserves may last only 15-20 days following the order. This has led to halted electricity production, fuel shortages in hospitals, interrupted waste collection, affected international flights, and disrupted public transportation. The Cuban government has labeled this a 'fuel blockade,' claiming it violates international law.

International Response: Experts from the United Nations have described this as a violation of international law and a catalyst for a humanitarian crisis. Mexico's President Claudia Sheinbaum warned that this could exacerbate the humanitarian situation. Some reports suggest that certain tariffs may be lifted following a Supreme Court ruling, but the crisis persists.

Trump Administration's Stance: The White House stated that this action aims to prevent the Cuban government from colluding with 'enemy nations and terrorist groups.' Trump has repeatedly asserted that 'no oil or money will go to Cuba' and has called for negotiations with the Cuban government.

This order is intensifying Cuba's long-standing economic crisis, which already faces significant shortages of food, medicine, and electricity. The Cuban government has termed it 'collective punishment,' while the U.S. frames it as a national security concern.