Navigating the Fine Line Between Fact and Fiction in Biopics

The world of biopics often treads a delicate line between fact and fiction, raising questions about the necessity of family consent. Recent controversies surrounding films like 'Dhurandhar' highlight the complexities filmmakers face when depicting real lives. As audiences anticipate Ranveer Singh's performance, the legal challenges posed by the family of martyr Major Mohit Sharma remind us of the sensitivities involved. This article explores the implications of portraying real individuals on screen, the responsibilities of filmmakers, and the ongoing debate about representation in cinema. Discover how the balance between entertainment and accuracy continues to evolve in the film industry.

By Narendra Chaudhary Dec 5, 2025, 06:12 IST

The Challenges of Portraying Real Lives on Screen

Frequent moviegoers are well-acquainted with lengthy disclaimers, particularly when films are rooted in reality. The phrase 'inspired by true events' often serves as a shield against legal repercussions and questions of accuracy.

However, films frequently encounter issues even before their release. A recent example is the highly awaited 'Dhurandhar.' Before audiences could witness Ranveer Singh's transformative performance in this spy thriller, the parents of martyr Major Mohit Sharma filed a lawsuit against the filmmakers. Their concern is that the producers did not obtain permission from the family. In response, director and producer Aditya Dhar asserts that the film does not depict the late officer's life. Yet, eager social media users have noted striking resemblances, despite only having seen the trailer.

Previously, the film 'Haq' faced a similar predicament regarding Shah Bano’s landmark case. Bano’s daughter initiated legal action, which was ultimately dismissed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court. The director opted for a cautious approach, naming her character Shazia Bano while acknowledging both Shah Bano and Jigna Vora’s book 'Bano: Bharat ki Beti' in the credits. More recently, Farhan Akhtar's '120 Bahadur' faced backlash as protestors insisted on renaming it '120 Ahir Vir' to honor the Ahir community's bravery during the Battle of Rezang La.

In the case of 'Dhurandhar,' the family seeks recognition that the film reflects their son’s courageous life as an undercover agent in Pakistan. Biopics like 'Neerja,' 'Mountain Man,' and 'Rang Rasiya' often spark controversy, especially when the subject is deceased. Families tend to be more sensitive in these situations. This sensitivity is likely why the Delhi High Court has requested the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) to reassess 'Dhurandhar’s' certification, arguing that Major Mohit Sharma’s story has little connection to Ranveer Singh’s character, Hamza.

At this point, we reserve judgment since we have yet to view the film. However, it raises the question: how crucial is it to obtain consent from the individual or their family? Legally, information in the public domain should be accessible to the public. Yet, misrepresentation can lead to defamation. In a country where even negative portrayals are often sanitized in cinema, should families worry that the lives of heroes, particularly martyrs, will not be accurately depicted? Many filmmakers conduct thorough research before bringing their visions to life. For instance, director Shoojit Sircar sent a team member to The Tribune's archives for an in-depth look at pre-independence history while working on the biopic of Sardar Udham Singh.

For entertainment purposes, filmmakers sometimes add romantic elements or songs to make the narrative more appealing to audiences who desire more than just factual recounting. The story of celebrated athlete Milkha Singh in 'Bhaag Milkha Bhaag' included songs and embellishments that some critics felt warranted criticism.

It’s important to note that not every film blending fact with fiction achieves excellence. The distinction can be so subtle that viewers often find themselves confused about what is real and what is fabricated. However, to mitigate misunderstandings among family members, it should be acknowledged that filmmakers are generally not aiming for overly critical portrayals of real individuals. Their intent is rarely to cast blame, even when the subject matter calls for it. Controversial figures, like Punjabi singer Amar Singh Chamkila, are approached with sensitivity, particularly when directed by someone of Imtiaz Ali's caliber. Nevertheless, families may still express dissatisfaction.

Engaging with factual content has its repercussions, yet even fictional films are often inspired by real events. Although Aditya has stated that he will seek all necessary permissions if he decides to create a biopic about the Ashoka Chakra Awardee, the surrounding controversy makes one wonder if he will follow through. However, when he does, critics should remember the words of renowned filmmaker Ketan Mehta: a biopic is as much about the individual as it is about the concept.