☰
×

Exploring the Historical and Political Significance of Murshidabad District

Murshidabad district, a historically significant region in West Bengal, has played a pivotal role in the state's political landscape. Known for its Nawabi heritage, it was once the capital of Bengal and remains a center for trade and culture. The district's political dynamics have shifted over the years, particularly with the rise of the Trinamool Congress in recent elections. With a diverse population and rich cultural sites, Murshidabad continues to be a focal point in West Bengal's political and historical narrative. Discover more about its past and present in this comprehensive overview.
By Narendra Chaudhary Apr 7, 2026, 07:17 IST

Overview of Murshidabad District

Murshidabad district is recognized as one of the most historically and politically significant regions in West Bengal. It shares its border with Bangladesh and has historically been a central hub for power and trade in Bengal. Renowned for its Nawabi heritage, the district continues to play a crucial role in the political landscape of Bengal. To the east, it borders Bangladesh, while to the west, it is adjacent to Birbhum and Bardhaman districts, with Malda to the north and Nadia to the south.

Historical Background of Murshidabad

The district derives its name from Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, who established it as the capital of Bengal in the early 18th century. During this period, it was considered one of the wealthiest and most developed areas in India. Murshidabad has long been a center for administrative, economic, and cultural activities. Located along the banks of the Bhagirathi River, the district is divided by this river and is well-connected to Kolkata and other parts of North Bengal via road and rail, enhancing its economic significance.


The Rich History of Murshidabad

Murshidabad boasts a glorious history, having served as the capital for Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in the 18th century. Nawab Murshid Quli Khan moved the capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad around 1704. Under the Nawabs, the district flourished and became a major center for trade and industry. A pivotal moment in its history occurred during the reign of Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah, when the historic Battle of Plassey took place in 1757 between the British East India Company and Siraj ud-Daulah, leading to the establishment of British rule in the region.

Current Administrative Structure

Today, Murshidabad is a significant district in West Bengal, comprising five subdivisions: Baharampur, Lalbagh, Kandi, Jangipur, and Domkal. The district is divided into 26 blocks, including Baharampur, Beldanga-1, Beldanga-2, Kandi, Bharatpur-1, Bharatpur-2, Jangipur, Raghunathganj-1, Raghunathganj-2, Farakka, Samserganj, Suti-1, Suti-2, Lalgola, Bhagwangola-1, Bhagwangola-2, Domkal, Raninagar-1, Raninagar-2, among others.


Religious and Historical Sites

Murshidabad is home to several notable religious and historical sites, including the Hazarduari Palace, Katra Mosque, Nizamat Imambara, Katra Mosque, and Jain temples. The district holds significance for Hindu, Muslim, and Jain communities.


Demographics of Murshidabad

According to the 2011 census, Murshidabad is the most populous district in West Bengal, with a total population of approximately 7.1 million.


  • Male Population – Approximately 3.6 million


  • Female Population – Approximately 3.5 million


  • Sex Ratio – 958 females per 1000 males


  • Literacy Rate – Approximately 66.59%


  • Muslim Population – Approximately 66%


  • Hindu Population – Approximately 33%


  • Primary Language – Bengali



Political Landscape of Murshidabad

Murshidabad district holds significant political importance, featuring three Lok Sabha seats (Baharampur, Murshidabad, and Jangipur) and 22 assembly seats. The assembly constituencies include Bhagwangola, Raninagar, Murshidabad, Nawgram (SC), Khargram (SC), Baharampur, Farakka, Samserganj, Suti, Jangipur, Raghunathganj, Sagardighi, Lalbagh, Domkal, Jalangi, Hariharpara, Burwan, and Kandi.


Historically, this district has been a stronghold for the Congress party, particularly in the Baharampur area, where prominent leader Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury represented the constituency until facing defeat in the 2024 elections. In recent years, the Trinamool Congress (TMC) has gained a foothold, winning several seats.


2021 Assembly Elections

The 2021 assembly elections marked a turning point in the district's political dynamics, with the TMC making significant inroads into Congress's traditional stronghold. The TMC garnered support from the minority community, while the BJP struggled to establish a presence in the district. Ultimately, the TMC won 20 out of 22 seats, with the BJP securing 2 seats, marking its entry into the district.


2024 Lok Sabha Elections

The upcoming 2024 Lok Sabha elections are expected to be highly competitive, with the TMC, Congress, and BJP vying for dominance. The Congress party faced a major setback when its veteran leader Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury lost his seat in Baharampur, pushing the party to the margins in the district. The TMC emerged victorious in all three seats.


Murshidabad at a Glance


  • Area – 5,324 square kilometers


  • Population – 7.1 million


  • Literacy Rate – 66.59%


  • Lok Sabha Seats – 3


  • Assembly Seats – 22


  • Blocks – 26