Understanding India's Emergency Powers: What You Need to Know

Emergency Powers Under Civil Defence Rules Explained

New Delhi: On Friday, the Ministry of Home Affairs directed chief secretaries and administrators across all states and Union Territories to activate the emergency powers outlined in the Civil Defence Rules. These powers are crucial for safeguarding civilians and essential infrastructure during periods of conflict or imminent threats. Established under the Civil Defence Act of 1968, these provisions have been put into action in various situations.

Key Emergency Powers Under Civil Defence Rules

1. Control Over Property and Premises

• The government has the authority to mandate individuals to implement security measures on their properties to enhance safety during potential attacks, such as camouflage or blackout protocols.


• If individuals do not comply, the government can execute these measures and charge the property owner for the expenses incurred.

2. Regulation of Dangerous Substances

• Authorities can impose restrictions on the possession, usage, or disposal of hazardous materials that could pose risks during an attack.

3. Evacuation and Destruction Orders

• Officials may order the evacuation of individuals, animals, or property from designated areas and can mandate the destruction of structures if necessary for civil defence.


• These orders can include specific routes, timelines, and destinations for evacuations, along with additional provisions for effective execution.

4. Restrictions on Movement and Activities

• The government can enforce curfews or movement limitations in certain regions, requiring permits for outdoor activities during specified hours.


• Traffic, lighting, and sound regulations may also be implemented to support civil defence efforts.

5. Entry, Inspection, and Enforcement

• Authorized personnel may enter and inspect properties to ensure adherence to civil defence regulations, such as the construction of air raid shelters.


• Failure to comply may result in government action and cost recovery.

6. Control of Information and Communication

• The government can restrict or regulate the dissemination of materials considered harmful to civil defence, including the ability to seize such materials if necessary.

7. Civil Defence Exercises and Drills

• Authorities can conduct civil defence drills, including mock evacuations and air raid simulations, as demonstrated in Operation Abhyaas across 244 districts in May 2025.


• During these exercises, civil defence personnel may access any property as needed for training purposes.

8. Obligations of Local Authorities

• Local governing bodies may be instructed to implement protective measures for their communities, prioritizing compliance over other responsibilities.

Recent Application: Operation Abhyaas, May 2025

• On May 7, 2025, India executed its largest civil defence drill, simulating air raids and emergency evacuations nationwide, shortly after cross-border military actions.


• This exercise, coordinated by the Ministry of Home Affairs, involved extensive training, blackout drills, and the activation of air raid sirens, with significant public involvement from schools, local authorities, and volunteers.

These emergency powers are structured to facilitate swift, centralized actions aimed at protecting lives and property during national crises. They empower the government to bypass standard property rights, regulate hazardous materials, enforce evacuations, and manage information, all with the goal of enhancing civilian safety and national resilience against threats.

PNN