The Significance of Offering Water to the Setting Sun During Chhath Puja

Understanding the Ritual of Offering Water to the Setting Sun

During the Chhath Puja, a four-day festival, the act of offering water to the setting sun takes place on the third day. This festival honors Chhathi Maiya and the Sun God. The sequence begins with Nahay-Khaay on the first day, followed by Kharna on the second day, and culminates with the offering to the setting sun on the third day. The final day involves offering water to the rising sun, marking the end of a 36-hour fast. Each day of this festival is imbued with both religious and scientific importance. On the third day, known as Sandhya Arghya, devotees present water to the setting sun, leading many to question the significance of this ritual.

Symbolism of Offering Arghya to the Sun

In Hindu beliefs, the Sun is revered as a deity, essential for life, energy, and health on Earth. Chhath Puja is dedicated to worshipping the Sun and his consort, Usha (Pratyusha). As the sun sets on the third day, devotees express their gratitude for the light and energy received throughout the day. This offering symbolizes appreciation and is thought to help maintain balance and patience amid life's challenges. The cooling rays of the setting sun are believed to bring tranquility to both the mind and body. The collective act of offering Arghya at the ghats represents unity, equality, and shared faith.

The Ritual of Offering Arghya
On the third day of Chhath Puja, devotees stand in water bodies such as rivers or ponds to offer Arghya to the setting sun. It is believed that during this time, the Sun God is accompanied by his second wife, Pratyusha, the goddess of the evening. This ritual is said to alleviate stress and foster peace in life. It also serves as a reminder to maintain faith during both prosperous and challenging times.

From a scientific perspective, the evening sun emits lower levels of ultraviolet radiation. The warm, reddish hues of the sun at this hour are considered beneficial for health, providing vitamin D essential for skin, eyes, and bones. Standing in water while praying to the sun can induce mental peace, akin to practices like meditation and yoga.

Offering Arghya to the Rising Sun
On the fourth day of Chhath Puja, known as Ushakaleen Arghya, devotees present Arghya to the rising sun, symbolizing new beginnings and positivity. This festival honors both the setting and rising phases of the sun equally. At this time, Lord Surya is accompanied by his first wife, Usha, who embodies the dawn.